代词的考点归纳与解题的问题和策略

　代词主要用来代替上文中已提及的人或事物。它对语境的依赖很强，所以代词非常适合在语篇中进行考查，这也就不难解释为什么代词几乎每年必考了。
　　一、考点归纳
　　语法填空中对代词的考查是通过纯空格形式来考查的，从往年的高考题来看，代词的考点主要包括以下几方面：
　　1. 人称代词。在句中作主语用主格：（单数）I，you，he，she，it，（复数）we，you，they；作宾语用宾格：（单数）me，you，him，her， it，（复数）us，you，them。
　　2. 反身代词。在句中作宾语或同位语：（单数）myself， yourself，himself，herself，itself；（复数）ourselves，yourselves，themselves。
　　3. 名词性物主代词。在句中作主语、宾语、表语：（单数）mine，yours，his，hers，its；（复数）ours，yours，theirs。
　　4. 在句中作主语或宾语的不定代词。表示两者或多者的有both，either，neither，all，any，none；复合不定代词有anything，anyone，anybody，something，someone，somebody，nothing，nobody等；替代词有that，one，those等。
　　5. 指示代词。有this，these，that，those等。
　　6. it的用法。指前面已提到的事物、想法或情况等；指时间、天气、距离、环境等；作形式主语或形式宾语；用于it is...that...强调结构。
　　二、解法指导
　　纯空格的语法填空题，当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。因为在句中充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺少主语或宾语，就该填代词。
　　在确定填代词后，再根据语境，弄清所缺主语或宾语具体指代上文或下文中的具体内容，结合上述几种代词的不同意义和用法，确定填具体哪个代词。
　　除了一些习惯的搭配外，如some...others、those who...、by myself等，在选择代词时，我们要从人称、性、数等方面进行考虑，是指代人还是指代物。
　　[例1]（2012年广东） “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？”the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. “Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class...
　　The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and...Then he took off，gave a big smile and said “That is cool”.
　　解析：此处是纯空格题，句子took后缺少宾语，应填代词；根据语境可知，是指前文的those glasses，故填them。
　　[例2]（2010年广东） He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ？”
　　解析：及物动词like（喜欢）后缺宾语，应填代词的宾格形式；指前面提到的“水（the water）”，故填it。
　　[例3]（2011年广东） I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation...
　　I’m glad I made a choice. It made of us feel good.
　　解析：made后缺宾语，用代词；由上文 “We （I and the mentally disabled man） had an amazing conversation”可知，指作者和那个智障人“两个人”，故填both。
　　三、即时练习
　　单句填空 请在空格处填入一个适当的代词。
　　1. --Hello！ This is ’s ？
　　--Hello！This is Jane.
　　2. The children seem to be totally incapable of working by
　　.
　　3. The cat likes taking a bath，now it is washing again.
　　4. I felt sorry for him because that wasn’t his fault，it was
　　.
　　5. I agree with what you said and my opinion is on the whole the same as .
　　6. I hope there are enough cups for each guest to have .
　　7. Both of them were very tired，but would stop to have a rest.
　　8. The houses of the rich are generally larger than of the poor.
　9. Tomas was asked a lot of questions，but he didn’t answer
　　of them.
　　10. How far is to Paris from here？It’s 500 kilometers.
　　11. They consider a great honor to be able to host the Olympic Games.
　　12. was in the park that I meet my old classmate yesterday.
　　13. The kite in the shop was very nice and I decided to buy
　　.
　　14.（2013茂名二模）Then I realized I did’t even know her name. I asked all of my professors but knew her name.
　　15. （2012惠州二模）I smiled a big smile and worked a little，really.
　　语篇填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词。
　　（1）
　　It was my first day at school in London. 1 felt both excited and nervous. On 2 way to school I wondered how I should behave 3 and if I would be accepted by other students.
　　When I reach school，my teacher had an conversation with me before class and it made 4 of us feel good. Then I was brought to the new class.
　　My teacher was called Mr. Jones. 5 was very fond of Charles Dickens and he had decided to read aloud to us from David Copperfield. First he asked a boy if he knew Dickens’ birthplace，but he didn’t guess right. Another boy called Brian，said：“Timbuktu”，and Mr. Jones went red in the face. Then he asked me. I said：“Portsmouth”，and everyone stared at 6
　　because Mr. Jones said I was right. This made me very popular and I found 7 easy to get along with others after that. I made several friends and had a good time with 8 . At the end of the day，I was no longer a stranger.
　　（2）
　　We were 1 busy preparing for the opening ceremony of the comin g sports meeting these days. This morning， 2 held a meeting，discussing buying a class uniform for the performance at the ceremony. We reached a quick agreement on the design but 3 was terribly difficult to decide on its color. Some students advised red while 4 suggested blue. After a long discussion，we gave up 5 ，choosing white instead.
　　In the afternoon，our headmaster recommended three online shops to 6 . Unfortunately，the T-shirts in the first shops were a little expensive and 7 in the others were of poor quality. Since the opening ceremony was around the corner，we seemed to have no choice but to choose one of 8 . Finally，we made a bargain with the boss of the first shop. 9 agreed on our price，as well as offering two free ones for our teachers，which surprised us greatly. There was no doubt that he became a friend of 10 after the excellent buy. We could hardly wait for the performance！
　答案及解析
　　单句填空
　　1. that 指示代词，在句中做表语。
　　2. themselves 填反身代词，表示他们自己。
　　3. itself 猫给自己洗澡，用反身代词。
　　4. mine 指my fault，作表语。
　　5. yours 名词性物主代词，指your opinion。
　　6. one 指代前面提到的a cup。
　　7. neither 指两个都不想停下来休息。
　　8. those 指代前面提到的the houses。
　　9. any 指没有回答任何一个。
　　10. it 指距离。
　　11. it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式。
　　12. It 构成强调句，强调地点状语。
　　13. it 指代前面提到的the kite。
　　14. nobody 因but后的并列句中缺主语，应填代词；根据前面语境，特别是but可以推出：我问了我的所有教授，但是没有人知道她的名字。故填nobody。
　　15. it 因and后的并列句中缺主语，应填代词；由句意或前后逻辑可知，应填it，指代前文中的I smiled a big smile。
　　语篇填空
　　（1）本文讲述了主人公第一天来到学校上课的情景。
　　1. I 句中缺主语，应填代词；根据前后内容推出是“我”感到既兴奋又紧张，故填I。
　　2. my 根据搭配on one’s way to...得知，填形容词性物主代词，由主语为I，故填my。
　　3. myself 搭配behave oneself.做好自己。
　　4. both做made 的宾语，由前文得知谈话是老师和作者两个人之间的，故填both。
　　5. He句中缺少主语，填人称代词he指前面提到的my teacher。
　　6. me动词stared at后缺宾语，根据前后关系得知是同学们看着我，填宾格形式me。
　　7. it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的to get along with others。
　　8. them句中缺少宾语，应填宾格形式，them指前面提到的several friends。
　　（2）运动会前的讲话。
　　1. all充当we的同位语，一般放在系动词后，实义动词前。
　　2. we充当主语用主格形式。
　　3. it作形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式。
　　4. others习惯搭配：some... Others...一些人……另外一些人……。
　　5. both指代前文中的红色和蓝色，我们放弃了上述两者。
　　6. us作介词to的宾语。
　　7. those指代同类事物，另外两家的T-shirts质量不好，复数用those。
　　8. them从三家中选择一家，them指代前文出现过的three shops。
　　9. He指代前文中的网店掌柜the boss，主语用主格。
　　10. mine习惯搭配a friend of ours。
　　（作者单位：许炳杰 汕尾陆丰市龙潭中学；罗柳梅 东莞市塘厦中学）