羊毛毡毕业论文

羊毛毡毕业论文

前几天，微博上闹得沸沸扬扬的湖南师范大学女生因为团委压力大，所以选择了自尽，除了令人震惊惋惜之余，也让人不禁思考，现在的大学生到底怎么了？大学生心理疾病，到底是学校的问题还是自己的问题？

作为一个当代大学生，谁还没有过一些极端的想法呢。我一同学，当初在家上网课时，差点就发生意外。据她说，当时真的快崩溃了，心情特别的烦躁，看什么都不顺眼。差点就选择了自尽。那段时间，刚好赶上上网课，每天八点闹钟响起，睁开眼，打开手机，签上到，然后继续翻个身就睡了，至于这节是什么课，老师在讲什么，完全不知道。

很多人会说，这种生活挺幸福的呀！但真实情况并不是这样，同学告诉我，她当时心理压力真的好大，简直就要崩溃了。我问：“你都没听课，你有什么可煎熬的”。她告诉我，网课其实比在学校上课更累，因为网课老师没办法检验你是否听课，只能采取一些特别的手段，例如作业。每次网课结束后，所有老师都会来一句，课后把这节课的内容整理下来，做成笔记交给我，要纸质的，然后做成文档上传。繁琐的不止作业，还有各式各样的提交方式，有时候，写作业一小时，就要花半小时研究怎么提交。

平时在学校，哪有这回事儿啊，下了课，开开心心的就干自己的事儿了，现在，一边上网课，一边还得写作业，四天上网课，其他时间全写作业了，尤其他们学专业的，不仅有写的作业，还有实践作业，动不动就出去拍个照片，创作个vlog，“零零碎碎的东西最熬人”朋友说每天在家一边忙着作业，一边还得应付家长的各种唠叨。“那一阵在家真的要疯了。后来告诉妈妈，然后去看了医生，医生说，其实就是焦虑症。很多大学生或轻或重都有这个病，重要的是要调整好心态。我听了后也是惊出了一身虚汗。

第一：学业过于繁重。很多人都会说，到了大学就轻松了，其实真的不是这样，特别是毕业班，各种证书需要考取，或者准备考研，或者准备毕业论文，压力真的很大。

第二：根据相关数据显示，其实大学生出现心理疾病，还有一部分原因是因为工作、消费问题。大学生已经属于成年人范畴了，他们需要用自己的双手赚取一定的生活费用。现在有部分大学生不理性消费，出现了负债，贷款等情况，生活压力变大。精神慢慢的抑郁了起来。

第三：感情问题也是大学生出现心理压力过大的主要原因之一。现在的大学生思想都比较开放，并且读大学学校并不反对谈恋爱。很多情侣因为某种原因，最后选择了分手。也造成了很多心理脆弱的学生慢慢的抑郁了起来。

我觉得在某种程度上，很多大学生得病的原因是相似的。细碎的事情最考验人的承受能力。大学生每天在学校，上课，社团，开始规划自己的日常，忙的其实都是琐碎又细致的事。琐事最磨人心神，压力大也在所难免。

西安交大甚至组织学生戳羊毛毡为考研减压，我觉得这种该方法就很值得提倡，正视压力，合理排解，不要让压力发展成为疾病。但更多的人，跟家人朋友说自己可能生病，还不被理解。很多大学生跟身边的人说怀疑自己有焦虑症，抑郁症什么的，立刻被身边的人怼回去，就你？焦虑症？我看你就是闲的。随着焦虑症抑郁症的普及，了解关注心里疾病的人也更多了，如果你怀疑自己有了什么心理疾病，向身边的人求救无果的话，请一定要去看医生，找最专业的医生，解决自己的困惑。

最后，层出不穷的大学生因为抑郁而发生的悲剧，应该引起我们的警醒，如果你身边有大学生，如果他向你表现出脆弱的一面，不要嘲笑他，请多给他一点关心。

我敢打赌你没有心理疾病。

大学生面临学业、职业、爱情、金钱、友情、亲情、好面子、向往诗与远方等等各种现实，当现实不能尽如人意或现实纷繁复杂焦头烂额的时候，能没有压力吗？

假如一个大学生大脑空白、两眼空洞，无所思所想，过着巨婴式享受生活，看似一帆风顺，没有压力，这样一眼看到头的人生，还值得向往吗？还有向前推进的力量吗？

提问的同学你真的还好！值得期待！因为你懂得思考，勇于辩识，你未来的人生，必然是经过自己的实践和选择，一步一步往前走。

学生时代是最难熬的阶段，时间仿佛停止了，因为每天重复着同样的学业。

每个学生的知识基础和天分不同，所以学习过程和结果也不同。有的人轻松拿下，有的人笨笨卡卡。

不管哪种情况，原则就是期末通过考试，毕业拿到证书。空闲时间多读书，多参加活动。

人的一生任何阶段都有不同的压力。等你老了就知道。聪明人，不要和压力过不去。

有几种途径可供参考：

1、试着把压力化解，寻找解决问题的办法；

2、压力太大的情况，缓一缓，先越过去，不去硬碰硬；

3、寻找求助者，自己做不到，但自己具备调动他人积极性的能力，鼓励他人去帮助自己解决；

4、换个环境，或许柳暗花明。

总之，办法总比困难多。有压力的人生才有动力；不断的化解了压力的人生，才会充满成就感。

最后，请相信，没有压力的人生恐怕真要生病的。

去看医生

你好，不知道你是大几的学生，如果是大一是不是对新的大学生活不适应；如果是大二大三是不是有学业压力或者同学关系压力等；如果是大四可能对未来就业或者考研还是就业存在焦虑。

不管哪种情况首先需要明白你所面对的问题是每个大学生都会面临遇到的问题，只是每个人的对待方式不一样我而已，有的人通过和同学，老师，学长等等不同的渠道进行交流，会得到一些答案，这些会帮助解决遇到的一些问题。

所以你需要进一步的去分析你所遇到的问题是什么，然后将问题分解，找到一种解决的办法或者找到一种分解的方式，将自己的压力分解出去，不管你遇到什么问题，这个 社会 也都允许你犯错误，这些也都是你成长路上的积累。

建议你给自己规划自己的人生、职业、生活目标，这样有计划有目标就会有更多的办法去解决，也请记住，压力也是我们生活的动力。

如果已经影响到自己的学习丶生活、 社会 交往等等了，就要需要寻常专业心理咨询师的帮助了。

那就去看心理医生，只有专业的人才能解答你的问题。

有没有心理疾病，暂且不论，但对于是否有心理疾病这件事，我觉得你没必要恐慌。

首先，放松心态。不要太紧张自己是否有精神上的问题，就算是有，也是人之常情，我们的身体会生病，神经受损也算是身体的一部分，为什么感冒、咳嗽、发烧，这些大家都能接受，而一旦牵扯到精神问题，大家很快就紧张起来呢？

我觉得没必要，如果你见多了，也就不奇怪了，而且这些精神上的问题是可以被治愈的，只不过周边人是物以稀为奇的心态，所以习惯了低调的中国人，在这方面就会显得很紧张。

在国外，看心理医生是很正常的事情，而且如果有问题能够被专业的人治疗远比自己胡乱猜测的强。

有些人能够自我消化掉不良情绪，而有的人就必须通过其他人的引导，这没什么不可以的。

可以去医院检查一下，如果连亚 健康 都不是，那就是心理压力大的问题了。

再说，即使真的是亚 健康 ，通过锻炼和很好的调整也可以恢复的，所以不应该太担心的。

心理压力大，当然会造成身体机能不适，功能紊乱也是有可能的，所以要早早调整，必要的话应该去看心理医生的。

不管怎样，谁的生活也会有压力，所以，好好的安排生活，让自己快乐，是生活的主流啊。

另外想说的是，你如果长期怀疑自己有心理疾病，那应该是疑病症。

疑病症患者近年来呈上升趋势，在心理疾病患者中疑病症患者占近20%，其中约7成为中年人。

很多患者由于工作生活压力大，自己又不善排解，变得对自己的身体状况异常敏感，一旦身体出现某些症状就恐惧异常。

有的人还与医疗广告中的症状“对号入座”，即便经检查排除了疾病却依然怀疑自己身患重病，到其他医院继续检查，有的人甚至同类检查做了七八次还不罢休。

你能认识到这个问题，是非常好的，可以先自己试着找找原因，到底是哪一块给你造成了压力？

是成绩，还是学费？是毕业论文，还是以后找工作……

找到原因再对症下药。

如果需要我的协助，欢迎私信，我是斗金。

可以确定你确实有心理疾病，不然不会老怀疑。这种病好治，我当年跟你一样，后来每天半夜起来站在楼道大唱三遍国歌，病就好了~不过落下了残疾……

有这样心态的不止你一个

可以去找心理咨询师疏导一下，平时做一点自己喜欢的事情，转移一下自己的注意力，保持心情愉快，慢慢就好了，别想太多，一切事情只要无关生死，都会过去的。加油！

羊毛毡是什么原理？

羊毛毡是一种古老的织物，世界各地都出土了相关文物。那么，问题来了。

羊毛毡的起源究竟是哪里？

事情是这样的...

很久很久很久以前有两个人，分别叫SaintClement和Saint Christopher。大概长这样

- Saint Clement（对不起没找到他的照片）

和这样

- Saint Christopher

有一次，他们在躲避追杀时，为避免脚上长水泡，在凉鞋里塞上了羊毛。一路奔逃后，终于逃出生天。而脚上的羊毛，因为长时间的挤压和汗水浸透，变成了羊毛毡套。

估计长这样——

虽然这个起源故事看起来有些不靠谱（比如这种穿凉鞋的日子还随身带羊毛这种事）。

But！Never Mind！

羊毛毡就这样进入了我们的世界。

随着时代的进步，羊毛毡发展成各种日常起居用品，活跃在生活的各个角落。比如，大草原上的帐篷、羊毛毡毯子、各种手工艺品等等。进入现代，羊毛毡手工艺日渐成熟，世界各地都兴起了羊毛毡手作热潮，自然也诞生了一批杰出的手作艺人。

神说，要有手作艺人。

はやさか のぶや（HAYASAKANOBUYA）

来自日本北海道。职业是平面包装设计师，同时也是手作艺人。曾多次获得国际插画大赏，最著名的一组羊毛毡作品是“Woonya”。

他曾说，设计工作的巨大压力，让自己想要做些喜欢的事，不受外界影响的创造一些自然事物，于是就有了“Woonya”系列(如下图示)。

Lisa Jordan

来自美国明尼苏达的手作艺人，属于“ lil fish studios”工作室。

身处白杨、松树环绕的明尼苏达，她乐于从大自然中获取创意，尤其钟爱蘑菇、苔藓、森林中的奇观。创作过程中对于材料的使用，显示着她的理念——“可持续性”。

糖三刀

毕业于中央美术学院陶瓷专业，自称白熊饲养员。

大学时第一次接触羊毛毡，与陶瓷的冰冷截然相反的温暖，使她深深爱上这门手工艺。作品风格温暖、治愈，充满了少女的柔美，又不经意间透露出狡黠可爱。

羊毛毡柔软、温暖的特性，让每个热爱生活的人无法拒绝。作品是人内心世界的映照，纯净的心才能做出温柔的作品。

那么，究竟如何才能做出这样的羊毛毡呢？

神说，你要有工具。

1.羊毛纱（也叫羊毛条）

羊毛纱是经过清洗、梳理的100%羊毛。初学时尽量买质量好的羊毛纱，质地越软越好。

图 / 网络

2. 戳针

锋利的长针，有着类似鱼竿的钩子。

图 / 网络

使用时最好再配个木柄，安全又方便。木柄+戳针大约¥10

图 / 网络

3. 泡沫垫子（大约5CM厚，可多准备几块来消耗）

尽量选择质量好的泡沫垫子，制作羊毛毡时可更加顺手，且使用寿命更长。

图 / 网络

基础工具只需要以上三种，价格也不贵。

神说，现在开始动手。

传统手工工艺加工的羊毛毡和机器加工的羊毛毡哪种好些

采用蒙古族传统工艺制作的羊毛毡，结合烫烙工艺，在羊毛毡上烫出焦黄的印痕形成一幅。
请最终以实物为准。4
、本店商品大多数是手工制作而成，做工肯定没有纯机器生产出来。采用蒙古族传统工艺制作的羊毛毡，结合烫烙工艺，在羊毛毡上烫出焦黄的印痕形成一幅。
4
、亲们，本店商品大多数是手工制作而成，做工肯定没有纯机器生产出来的那种效果，。主要针对铁线类产品镀铜，工艺维护简单，质量稳定，节省化工原料.产品描述：
加工各。
与传统的碳纤维盘根相比，没有了发脆的弊病，适用于较高线速度的场合。碳丝有较高的。爱玛H2-315双刀头电脑皮革切割机，是取代手工开料，刀模裁断等传统模式，采用高清。
投影幕布专业冲孔加工需求设计，特别制造。
2.机器操作简便，步进。
东莞市万江联强。1.模具零件的机械加工
1.模具零件的机械加工
零件常用的传统机械加工方法
机械加工。
装上各种尺寸的羊毛毡抛光头，可进行抛
光工作.
图2.67
手持直式研抛头的应用
7.研磨。毕业于内蒙古美术学院，使用传统的羊毛毡作为原料，普通电烙铁为工具，作品从60~。
烫画用一种特制的铁笔，在扇骨、梳篦、木制家具以及纸绢等上面烙制成的工艺画。亦叫。老银饰的工艺主要是传统的花丝工艺、錾花工艺、锻造工艺等。宫廷中的技术和审美观念。
其手工艺制作水平代表国际、国内银器加工的最高水准。而且银器还有特殊的使用价值，。

急求一篇5000字的模具专业英语文章（带中文翻译），哪位大神给力啊！

Extrusion molding process Thermoplastic plastic extrusion molding process is divided into four stages lesson. Plasticizing stage Through dry processing plastic raw materials by extruder hopper to join a nitrogen-treated barrel nitrogen-treated barrel, after the heating and screw rotation, paction and the mixing action below, by solid powder or aggregates into uniform melt with some liquidity for the process plastication. Extrusion stage Even with the plastic melt plastication screw rotation was sent to a nitrogen-treated barrel in front, screw rotation extrusion action by extrusion die, on a certain shape mouth mode and get section and mouth model shape continuous profiles consistent. Finalizes the design phase Thermoplastic plastics in leave immediately after mouth mode, extruded plastic continuous profiles for cooling and finalize the design, or plastic in self-respect under the action of will deformation, appear sag or distortion phenomenon. In most cases, qualitative and cooling is finish at the same time, only in extrusion various bar stock and pipe, just have a separate qualitative process, and the extrusion film, finalize the design process, no single etc, if only by cooling can be. Extrusion plank and sheet, sometimes by a pair of roller planish, while rise to finalize the design and cooling effect. Cooling generally USES air cooling or water cooling, cooling speed on the plastic parts surface roughness, size shape auracy etc performance has very big effect. Hard plastics (such as polystyrene, low density polyethylene and rigid PVC etc.) can't cooling too fast, otherwise easy to cause the residual stress, and affect the appearance of plastic parts quality; Soft or crystallization type requires plastic parts in time, lest plastics deformation cooling. Traction plastic parts. Coiling and cutting Plastics extruding the mouth mode since, usually because of pressure from mold and happen suddenly lifted after inflation phenomenon, and cooling shrinks will happen again, thus make the size and shape of the plastic parts changes. In addition, because plastics was continuous extrusion, self-respect is more and more big, if not guidance, can cause plastics stagnation, make plastic thing cannot be *** ooth extrusion. Therefore, in the cooling at the same time, we should continuously will plastics derivation, this is traction. Traction process one by extruder auxiliary device to plete. Traction Traction with extrusion 人教版新目标初二下英语同步辅导（一）初中二年级下un...初中二年级下Un... speed speed will adapt to, general traction speed slightly higher than the extrusion speed, so as to eliminate the plastics dimension change, at the same time for plastics proper stretching can improve the molding quality. Different plastics traction at different speeds. Usually film and monofilament traction speed can be quicker, its reason is drawing speed, the plastic parts decreased diameter and thickness, longitudinal strength increases, elongation fracture resistance reduction. For extrusion hard plastic parts, traction speed cannot big, usually takes will drag speed regulation within a certain range, and to be very evenly, otherwise it will affect its size uniformity and mechanical properties. Through the plastics class traction in cutting device aording to use requirement on cutting (such as rods, tubes, plate, sheet etc), or in coiling device made around a roll (such as film, monofilament, cables, etc). In addition, some plastic parts such as films etc, sometimes need to undertake post-processing, in order to improve dimensional stability.

很少有这样的，你还不如写一篇论文出来找个翻译帮你搞定，这样不是更好，找个老外也就一顿饭的钱

这里很多有模具专业词汇

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少数名族——蒙古族 蒙古族的传统饮食离不开肉和奶。肉以牛羊肉为主，奶以鲜牛奶为主。蒙古人还爱吃携带方便、耐饿的炒米。奶茶是他们终日离不了的饮料。 蒙古族的传统居室是蒙古包。蒙古包呈圆形尖顶，由圆形围壁和伞状顶架组成，外面覆以羊毛毡，再用毛绳固定。围壁、伞架均用木杆钉成。蒙古包可以拆卸搬运，极适于游牧生活的需要。 蒙古族的传统服饰是蒙古袍，右衽，镶边，身长宽大，高领长袖，带腰带，配皮靴。夏袍是棉丝质的单夹袍，多红、黄、深蓝色。冬袍是毛料面的羊皮袍。红、绿绸缎做腰带。 蒙古族实行一夫一妻制，讲求伦常，严格辈分。讲究由父母作主的聘婚制度，男到女家娶亲。结婚仪式过程讲究对歌、祝词。 这就是我国少数名族之一——蒙古族。 Minority of clans-Mongolia clan Mongolia the traditional food of clan cans not get away from meat and meat regards cow mutton as principle, the milk regards fresh milk as the mongols love eats to take convenience, bear to hungrily stir-fry a tea is the beverage that they all day long can not leave. Mongolia the traditional living quarters of clan is a yurt presents a circular point crest, is rounded wall and umbrella-like in shape crest by the circular to constitute, outside reply with the sheep felt, use a hair rope again to a wall, umbrella to all nail with the wood yurt cans di *** antle to unload a porterage and is suitable for the demand of nomad's way of life life very much. Mongolia the traditional dress of clan is Mongolia a tunic, right Ren, trim border, the height is generous, Gao Ling's long sleeve, take belt, go together with skin summer tunic is the list of cotton silk quality to clip tunic, much red, yellow, navy blue winter tunic is the sheepskin tunic of woolen material red and green silk ans stain does belt. Mongolia the clan practices monogamy and stresses Lun often, strict status of a attention to is hired by what parents made the decision to marry system, the male arrives female the house married rites process to pay attention to to the song and wish a phrase. This is one of minority of our country clans-Mongolia clan.

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我发一首歌词翻译行吗？ 是我自己翻译的，觉得挺伤感。 As follows： 我依然没有忘记你I'm Still Not Over You 发生什么了？怎么了？What's up? 我知道我们有段时间没有联系了I know we haven't spoken for a while 但是我一直都在想你But I was thinkin bout you 至少这样能让我微笑And it kinda made me *** ile 要说的太多了So many things to say 我把它们写进信纸里And I'll put em in a letter 这样对我来说可能容易一些And it might be easier 这样的话语也可能好听一些The words might e out better 你的妈妈身体还好吗？还有你的弟弟？How's your mother, how's your little brother? 他是不是还和你长得很像啊？Does he still look just like you? 好多事情我都想知道它们的答案So many things I wanna know the answers to 希望我能让时光倒流Wish I could press rewind 希望我能从头开始再写一遍And rewrite every line 写你和我之间的所有的故事To the story of me and you 你知道吗我一遍一遍的尝试Don't you know I've tried and I've tried 想擦掉你在我脑海中的痕迹To get you out my mind 但是我始终做不到But it don't get no better 日子一天一天的过去As each day goes by 我迷失了自我、不知所措And I'm lost and confused 我已经一无所有了I've got nothin to lose 希望你能很快收到我的来信Hope to hear from you soon 我依然没有忘记你 I'm still not over you 依然没有忘记你Still not over you 对不起，我真的不是想故意纠缠你Excuse me, I really didn't mean to ramble on 但是在你离开我之后我百感交集But there's a lot of feelings that still remain after you were gone 我猜想你认为我能将这些感觉置之脑后I guess you thought that I would put it all behind me 就像对待一个可笑的笑话或者是电视上的故事一样Like a silly joke, or somethin on the t.v. 男孩 对我来说却是如此的不容易Boy it aint easy 每当我听到我们的歌曲When I hear our song 我能感受到以前的那种感觉I get that same old feeling 真希望我能让时间倒流Wish I could press rewind 让时光回到从前Turn back the hands of time 我不该告诉你这些And I shouldn't be telling you 你知道吗我一遍一遍的尝试Don't you know I've tried and I've tried 想擦掉你在我脑海中的痕迹To get you out my mind 但是我做不到But it don't get no better 日子一天一天的过去As each day goes by 我迷失了自我、不知所措And I'm lost and confused 我已经一无所有了I've got nothin to lose 希望能很快收到你的回信Hope to hear from you soon 我依然没有忘记你P.S. I'm still not over you 依然没有忘记你Still not over you 你知道吗 我保留着所有你的照片Did you know I kept all of your pictures 一直都没有鼓起勇气将照片丢弃Don't have the strength to part with them yet 哦，不…Oh no.... 努力忘掉你的吻残留的感觉Tried to erase the way your kisses taste 但是有些事情是一个女孩永远都无法释怀的But some things a girl can never fet 想擦掉你在我脑海中的痕迹Don't you know I've tried and I've tried 但是我始终做不到But it don't get no better 日子一天一天的过去As each day goes by 我迷失了自我、不知所措And I'm lost and confused 我已经一无所有了I've got nothin to lose 希望能很快收到你的回信Hope to hear from you soon 我依然没有忘记你I'm still not over you 依然没有忘记你Still not over you

Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium) The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design petition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the petition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a bined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004. In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005. In depth The stadium's appearance is one of synergy, with no distinction made beeen the facade and the superstructure. The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation - almost like a bird's nest with its interwoven igs. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy, thus creating a unique historical landmark for the Olympics of 2008. The stadium was conceived as a large collective vessel, which makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both from a distance and when seen from up close. It meets all the functional and technical requirements of an Olympic National Stadium, but without municating the insistent sameness of technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital screens. Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there, one can survey the circulation of the entire area including the stairs that aess the three tiers of the stands. Functioning like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll around. Just as birds stuff the spaces beeen the woven igs of their nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. Originally, on the roof, the cushions were to be mounted on the outside of the structure to make the roof pletely weatherproof, but the roof has been omitted from the design in 2004. While the rain was to be collected for rainwater recuperation, the sunlight was to filter through the translucent roof, providing the lawn with essential ultraviolet radiation. On the facade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind protection. Since all of the facilities -- restaurants, suites, shops and restrooms -- are all self-contained units, it is possible to do largely without a solid, enclosed facade. This allows for natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important aspect of the stadium's sustainable design. The sliding roof was an integral part of the stadium structure. When it was to be closed, it would have converted the stadium into a covered arena; however, the sliding roof was eliminated in an effort to cut costs and increase overall safety of the radical new structure. Beijing National Stadium Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium Facility statistics Location Beijing Broke ground Dec 2003 Opened Unknown Closed N/A Demolished N/A Owner Surface Grass Construction cost 3.5 billion yuan Architect Herzog & de Meuron ArupSport CAG Tenants Seating capacity 91,000 (80,000 Post Olympics) 水立方 National Swimming Center--Exquisite and Exciting "Water Cube" A semi-transparent "cube", with "bubbles" spread out all over its surface, is a shape very similar to the structure of "H2O", the outlook for the National Swimming Center at the 2008 Olympic Games. After the games, it will bee a recreational water park open to the public. In Chinese culture, water is an important natural element. It creates a calming atmosphere and inspires happiness. Taking full consideration of the functions of water in recreation and bodybuilding, designers have explored many ways for people of different age groups to appreciate its function. The design is called "Water Cube". Many creative designs have been employed in the creation of the swimming pools at the swimming center. Other high-tech facilities including optical devices used to define positions of athletes, and multiple-angle, three-dimensional screening systems are provided to help spectators enjoy petitions. The National Swimming Center, one of the three landmark buildings for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, is located inside the Beijing Olympic Park. Covering a total floor space of 50,000 square meters, it has 17,000 seats. The project costs about US$100 million. The center will be a venue for swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water-polo games during the period of the Olympic Games. After the games, the center will bee a large water recreational center open to the public. In January 2003, Beijing started to solicit design schemes for the National Swimming Center. The international petition settled on "Water Cube" as the winning scheme. It is designed by the design consortium consisting of the China State Construction Engineering Corporation, China State Construction International (Shenzhen) Design Co Ltd, PTW Architects (Australia) and Ove Arup (Australia). The National Swimming Center will be the only landmark Olympic venue that is constructed by donations from patriots from Overseas.