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浅析高考英语短文改错考点分布

发布时间:2016-06-16 15:55

短文改错是2015江西考生面临的新题型。考点涉及面广,全面考查学生的英语教学基础知识掌握程度以及语感和语篇理解能力。

 

研究1997年至2015全国卷高考真题之短文改错部分,分析高考英语短文改错的命题规律,总结高考英语短文改错的考点分布,以便更好地服务于教学。

 

江西高考从2015年起开始使用全国卷,短文改错也因此成为学生面临的新题型。这一新题型以完整篇章的形式出现,题材多涉及学生身边的事情,文章难易度符合学生的实际水平,基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象。体裁多为记叙文,有时也有应用文、说明文和议论文。但是其考点涉及面广,全面考查学生的英语基础知识掌握程度。此外,还考查了学生的语感和语篇理解能力。

 

由此可见,高考对中学生的综合能力提出了较高的要求。为了让学生更好地适应这样的要求,笔者对1997年至2015年全国卷高考真题之短文改错部分进行了认真的分析研究,归纳总结出高考短文改错的以下七大考点。

 

  一、冠词的考查

 

  短文改错对冠词的考查主要有冠词的漏用、多余或滥用。如Each player must obey captainwho is the leader of the team? (NMET1998)Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (NMET1999)I’ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.(2000年春季)We may be one family and live under a same roof.(NMET2001)As resultthe plants are growing everywhere. (2014年全国卷一)从这些真题中可看出,主要考查定冠词表特指、不定冠词表泛指的基本用法, an在元音音素开头的词前用法如an honest boy, 以及一些与冠词相关的固定搭配如:have a good knowledge of; have fun; in the 20th century; in the 1980s; on vacation; a second/a third; take an active part in...所以,要迅速发现冠词错误,考生应养成多朗读加强语感以及多记忆固定搭配的好习惯。

 

  二、名词的考查

 

  主要考查可数名词单复数误用;可数、不可数名词滥用,名词与形容词误用及名词所有格误用。如Alsothe sport teaches us the important of obedience.(NMET1998) My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day.(2011年全国卷II)Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.(2012年全国卷I)When tea got popular in Britainthere was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.(2013年新课标2)考生在平时的学习过程中要多积累词汇,注意它们的数的问题。此外还要注意以下常见的不可数名词:advicefunhealthprogressinformationnewsfurnitureequipment...

 浅析高考英语短文改错考点分布

  三、形容词和副词的考查

 

  主要考查形容词、副词误用; 形容词、副词比较级与最高级误用。如:I used to play pingpong a lot in my spare timebut now I am interesting in football.(NMET1997)Unfortunatethere are too many people in my family.(NMET1999)I’m a newcomer here from a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (2004年全国卷II)The fruits are small in sizebut juicy and taste.(2014年全国卷I)考生应熟练掌握以下关于形容词和副词的基础知识:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子。②hard/straight的副词为其本身。③likely/lovely/friendly/deadly/lonely/lively皆为形容词。④farevenstillmuchanya littlea lot 常与比较级连用。⑤high/deep/wide/close 的副词有本身“+ly”两种形式,本身形式的副词表示具体意义: The kite can fly high./He opened his eyes wide seeing the frightening animal.“ly”形式的副词表示抽象意义: The teachers think highly of you./English is widely used around the world.

 

  四、代词的考查

 

  主要考查人称代词主格和宾格的误用;代词多余或遗漏;前后指代性别或单复数不一致;不定代词somethinganythingbothall 等的误用;反身代词的误用。如:We’ve been writing to each for nearly a year now.(2008年全国卷I)Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.(2011年全国卷II)Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electricity at home.(2012年全国卷I)I knew that they would be worried about myself because I was so far away.(2013年全国二卷)对于这一考点,考生要有很强的语篇意识,注意上下文的人称指代等是否一致。

 

  五、介词的考查

 

  主要考查介词遗漏、多余或误用。如:I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that time.(2008年全国卷I)I’m sorry that I wasn’t able to return to your bike on time yesterday. (2009年全国卷II)I think over her a lot and I miss the food and the good time we had together. (2011年全国卷I)考生应多检查句中介词与动词、 名词、 形容词、副词等的搭配是否正确。此外,还应多加强短语积累,尤其是以下短语:be on business/vacation/service; be particular about; be curious about; with one’s help; with the development of...have difficulty (in) doing sth/ have difficulty with sth; spend time/money (in) doing sth; spend time/money on sth; be filled with/ be full of...

 

  六、动词的考查

 

  主要考查动词的时态和语态误用(特别是一般现在时与一般过去时,现在完成时与过去完成时或一般过去时之间滥用)、 非谓语动词的误用、主谓一致、情态动词后接动词原形、易混动词的误用。如:At that timewe often spend time together.(2010年全国卷二)I hold my lunchbox in my hand when I was going to school.(2011年全国卷I)My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days.(2011年全国卷II)Nextno drinking water should left running.(2012年全国卷II)对动词的考查是短文改错的重中之重,可以考查的形式有很多,所以考生必须学会正确分析句子成分,熟悉谓语动词和非谓语动词的功能及用法,多在练习中总结规律。此外,还要特别注意以下易混动词的记忆:spend(主语为sb)/cost(主语为sth); lie vi./lay vt; raise vt./rise vi.; pass vt./past adv.; reach vt./ arrive vi

 

  七、逻辑关系的考查

 

  主要考查考生基于对语篇逻辑关系的理解,正确判断逻辑副词(如:however/therefore; beside/besides )或连词(包括并列连词andbutorso和从句引导词)的多余、遗漏或误用,上下语义中否定词not/never的多余或遗漏以及ever/never误用及反义词误用。如:After we said goodbye to youwe went to Washington D.Cthat we stayed for three days.(2011年全国卷II)It is in the downtown areabut it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.(2013年全国一卷)Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after yearbut we have never had any disease or insect attack problem.(2014年全国一卷)

 

  结语

 

  综上所述,短文改错主要有冠词、名词、形容词与副词、代词、介词、动词、逻辑关系七大考点,不仅考查基本语法知识、英语语感,而且考查文段的行文逻辑。因此在备考过程中,考生不仅要养成多朗读、多积累、多训练、多总结的好习惯,还要在实战中养成细心纵览全文的好习惯,这样方能在高考短文改错中取得比较满意的成绩。

 

  作者:胡小青 来源:中学教学参考·文综版 20165

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