丘吉尔发表的论文

Winston Churchill's "Never Give In" Speech of 1941On October 29, 1941, United Kingdom (Great Britain) Prime Minister Winston Churchill visited Harrow School to to hear the traditional songs he had sung there as a youth, as well as to speak to the students. This became one of his most quoted speeches, due to distortions that evolved about what he actually said.The myth is that Churchill stood before the students and said, "Never, ever, ever, ever, ever, ever, ever, give in. Never give in. Never give in. Never give in." Then he sat down. In reality, he made a complete speech that included words similar to what are often quoted. Also, some believe he said, "Never give up." That too is incorrect.翻译过来大意是：丘吉尔于1941年10月29日访问哈罗公学，去听年轻时唱过的传统歌曲，并发表演讲。不过，人们对他说的话引用最多，但却是误解。丘吉尔说的是：从不，永远，永远，永远，永远，永远，永远，不屈服。永不屈服，永不屈服，永不屈服。然后他坐下。事实上，他说了句完全是同义反复的话，并经常被人引用。也有人相信他说的是：决不放弃。那也不对。

根据个人的理解，前半句——这不是结束，甚至不是结束的开始，意思就是孙中山说的：“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”。后半句话——而可能是开始的结束，意思就是毛主席的一句诗词：“雄关漫道真如铁，而今迈步从头越”。个人拙见，敬请指正。

二战北非战场的转折点是阿拉曼战役,这次战役有效歼灭了德国的有生力量.丘吉尔自己就说：“在阿拉曼战役之前,我们从未获胜过；在阿拉曼战役之后,我们从未失败过.”在这期间,尽管盟军取得了历史性的转折,但地中海形势复杂,特别是促使法国投降过程中,自由法兰西的拥护者有较多的不满,并引发了达尔朗被刺事件.此外,在此之前盟军确实取得了一连串的胜利：太平洋战场（中途岛日本战败）,北非战场（阿拉曼战役）,欧洲战场（斯大林格勒战役）,在各线战场上,盟军都得到了标志性的胜利,特别是对于欧洲人来说美军也下水了,无论是心理上还是事实上民众都有了满意和松懈的苗头,一种认为大战已即将结束,大局已定的安逸思潮在蔓延.也正是在此期间（在1942年11月10日,伦敦市府,阿拉曼战役庆祝午宴上）,丘吉尔发表了名为"The End of the Beginning"的演讲：“这不是结束,甚至这也并非结束的序幕已然到来,但或许,这是序幕已经结束!”,同一时间的罗斯福也演讲到：“现在还不是狂欢的时候,我们现在没有时间干别的事,只有为了胜利而战斗,而工作!”.绝大多数的中译文都简简单单地进行了丘吉尔名句的直译,甚至辞不达意.对于这段话来说,(Now this is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning),简单把二战看作“防守-反击”过程的话,“the beginning of the end”中的end表示的是反击阶段,而“the end of the beginning”中的beginning指的是防守阶段.当然实际上二战并非如此简单的两段式的过程,然而更好理解丘吉尔这段话的含义,是应该对小过程进行抽象和凝练的.后来,此句外延被扩展了,广泛地被用于到处,表达的意义也穷期所想.不过,中译文中比较流行的一种译法“这不是结束,甚至不是结束的开始,而仅仅是开始的结束!”,还是很有一点趣味的,尽管猛一看到的时候会比较费解一点并且译文对原文的语气进行了善意的曲解.Now this is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning.Sir Winston Churchill,— Lord Mayor's Luncheon,Mansion House following the victory at El Alameinin North Africa,London,10 November 1942.British politician (1874 - 1965)