英文科技论文与学术报告

With the development of science and technology, people's lives have been greatly changed. There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways. For instance, the invention of computers dramatically increases work efficiency and helps complete many difficult tasks that were impossible in the past. Apart from this, new discoveries and technology in medicine improve people's health, which allows them to enjoy a longer life. The progress of science also enlarges human's ablilities to explore the world around them, from up into space to deep under the sea. Thanks to the development of science and technology, human society has enjoyed continuous prosperity and more convenience. However, just like a double-edged sword, science can cause problems too. It is known to all that the nuclear power, an environmentally friendly source of energy, can also be developed into a weapon of mass destruction. In addition, human cloning, which is expected to cure many serious diseases and save lives, may bring disasters of social morality. As a matter of fact, most of the improvements in science are made at the cost of our precious natural resources and have done great harm to the environment where we live in. Therefore, how to deal with the progress of science and technology properly is worth our careful consideration.

A Flow Shop with Compatibility Constraints in a Steelmaking Plant* Abstract We present a scheduling methodology for applications where the generation of schedules is constrained by antagonistic and vague knowledge. Besides temporal and capacity constraints, compatibility constraints between consecutive jobs are managed. We model the vague constraints and uncertain data by fuzzy set theory. The importance of single jobs and the difficulty to schedule them is defined on the different constraints and is used to control the generation of schedules. A preliminary schedule is generated by considering the important jobs and those that are difficult to schedule first. Easy or not so important jobs are scheduled later. Finally, the achieved schedule is “repaired” until a schedule is found that achieves a given level of satisfaction. Since the goodness of solutions is rated by fuzzy sets, robust schedules achieve better evaluations than weak schedules. However, if no robust solution is found constraints will be relaxed. This methodology is appropriate for applications in process engineering where uncertain knowledge is dominant. We explain the methodology with a case study from a steelmaking plant for high-grade steel 补充： Bidding for the Olympic Games, in a way, an image-creating undertaking. The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unipue image. What image does Beijing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics? It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future games: New Beijing, Great Olympics. For me, the 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated with two more special colors, yellow and red. First, yellow is a meaningful color. The Yellow River is China's Mother River and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. This color has a special origin and great significance for the Chinese people. Beijing is the capital of New China and previously the capital for nine dynasties in Chinese history. So, yellow will naturally add splendor to the 2008 Games. Secondly, the 2008 Olympics will be a red pageant.Red is another traditionally cherished color for the whole country. We adore red. On big occasions, we like to decorate our homes in red. It is the color of double happiness, representing joyous moments, auspiciousness, enthusiasm and prosperity. Red is one of the most suitable colors to describe the future of Beijing . Beijing , together with the whole country, is becoming more and more prosperous in the process of modernization. Should the 2008 Olympics be held in Beijing, the whole city will be a sea of red : the red torch,red flags, red flowers, and the radiant faces of millions of joyful people. Above all, the 2008 Olympics will be a green Olympics. Adding a green ingredient is essential in creating an appealing image, as we can't deny the fact that Beijing, at the moment, is not as green a city as what we like it to be. Striving for an environmentally appealing city has become a central task for all the citizens of Beijing. Big efforts have been made in pollution control, replanting and beautification of the city. According to a project entitled" The Green Olympic Action Plan", between 1998 and 2007, Beijing, we have invested 100 billion RMB in preserving and protecting the environment. Some 12.5 million trees and over 1 million acres of grass will be planted along the Fourth Ring Road. By then, the city's green area will make up 40% of its total. The city will also dredge its reservoirs used as a water supply to Beijing residents, controlling industrial pollution and moving out the 200 factories presently located within the city proper. Certainly, all of this is no easy task. But I am sure that all of us have confidence that we will realize these green goals. For now we have the full support and participation of the environmentally conscious citizens. Each citizen is showing great concern for every one of the steps the city government takes. As the saying goes, United, we stand, and a green Beijing will be achieved. When our aspiration becomes a reality, it will be a unique Olympics." New Beijing, Great Olympics"; will be weaved of these three superb colors: yellow, red and green. 追问： 用中文写清楚 这篇英文文章研究的是什么问题?这个问题是怎么研究的?发现了什么?这些发现意 味着什么? 谢谢 回答： 第一篇与电有关求采纳

随着中外学术交流的增加，很多科技工作者都会遇到用英语作学术报告的场合。那么，怎样准备一个高质量的英语的学术报告呢？在这里和大家分享一些经验和想法。 首先，不得不承认，要用英语作学术报告对我们中国人来说不容易，甚至很困难。但语言不是唯一的原因。更重要的是中、英语思维方式的差异。从一个对英语学术报告完全没有经验的新手，到能够得心应手，要经过千锤百炼——我自己的体会，而这个过程，就是个培养思维方法的过程。报告给谁讲，方法大不同 当你准备一个 presentation 的时候，要考虑的第一个问题是什么？ 答案：你的听众是谁。这一点至关重要，因为这决定了你要讲述的“故事”应该如何描述，报告的内容深入到何种程度，以及你要带给你的听众什么样的信息。这主要取决于对方的知识结构，以及你要介绍给对方的信息。同样的内容，针对不同的听众，讲述方法也完全不同，甚至有天壤之别。 有的报告需要直奔主题、侧重描述你研究的方法和细节——比如给研究生、小同行讲的时候，再复杂、枯燥的内容，他们也有必要，也有能力理解；有的场合需要在讲清楚研究方法和结果的同时，把一些时间放在你的课题的背景和意义上——比如给大同行讲，或者在交叉学科学术会议上；如果是科普报告，则需要将科学的语言和内容，转换成容易让普通人理解的“故事”。 设计报告要由简入繁，重点突出；讲故事要由大到小，引人入胜设计学术报告，就像你构思写一本书，或者一篇学术论文。应该先定大的框架结构，然后逐渐细化，深入到具体内容。要把握好深入的分寸——别指望把你的工作的每个细节都面面俱到地放在幻灯片里，要把最为关键信息传递出去。 回想一下你自己听过的报告，你能够记住多少细节信息，比如每一步公式的推导，或者某个人实验中使用的设备的所有参数？一个成功的学术报告，应该重点突出，让听众听过之后得到几条“能够带回家的信息（take home message）”就够了。报告过后，听众脑海里应该形成一个像

学术报告尤其是英文学术报告的写作对于中国学生来说是一个薄弱环节，反之，国外的教育对此则相当重视。去国外学习，各种课程都可能要求你写报告，特别是商业、科学或技术类学科。依据内容及导师要求的不同，报告的形式可能有所差别，但是写作的过程却是相似的。美联英语学习网向您介绍英文学术报告怎么写？学术报告（academic report or paper）的写作包括阅读，思考，针对一个学术课题进行案例分析及写作，总体来说就是为了让你的读者以新的眼光来看待该课题。大学的学术报告与你之前所做过的其他类型的报告（如高中时期为完成老师布置的作业而写的报告）的不同之处在于，它既陈述了研究事实，又提出了你自己的推论。写作过程指导：1. 研究及总结（Research and Summarize）研究所选的课题，找出针对课题的“who（谁），what（什么），when（何时），why（为什么）及how（如何）”的答案。总结收集到的信息，清楚自己所掌握的，评估自己所不知道的，以便专注于进一步的研究方向。列出一个参考书目来引用并避免抄袭。阅读原始文献及补充信息并考虑关于课题的历史或流行观点。思考每篇文章的要点同时注意它们的共性。缩小你的课题范围这样你就可以准备写一篇充满智慧的报告了。2．定义结构（Define the Structure）定义报告的结构并将你的论点串联成一个连贯的推理。依据报告的主题制定一个大纲。以这种方式组织你的观点可以帮助你看到各个观点之间的关系。大纲中的所标题结构要统一。例如如果你的第一个标题以一个行为动词（action verb）开头，那么所有其他标题都应该以行为动词开头。副标题（Sub-heading）应该包含支撑大标题的细节。重组你的大纲直到它能清晰的反映一个思想逻辑流程。3. 写正文（Write your paper）学术报告通常包含五个部分:标题页，引言（包含论文主题），背景信息，关于论点及结论的细节，陈述支持或反对某个特点观点的争论。用辅助段落来讲述一个故事，提供一个观察的视角，描述一个过程，定义意义，对思想进行分类，比较和对比观点，类推或解释为什么这种现象会发生。提供证据，陈述假设并适当添加个人观点使论文连贯、清晰易懂。确保每段都有足够的结束语及过渡句。在学术报告中尽量减少使用个人代词如“我”。4. 校对（Proofread）打印并大声朗读报告来检查错误。保证报告没有语法及格式错误。至此一篇英文学术报告就完成了，当然在做报告之前还要加强学术英语的学习，背诵一些相关专业的词汇和术语，并尽量多阅读一些英文的专业文献，做好基本功。