始终不遇
《David ·section wave 》BE 19 century England criticize realism master more of a representative the novel which has a strong autobiography color, more the use "the history and experience of little David's oneself", never little aspect review and tallied up own living road, reflected his life philosophy and morals article passes host the joys and sorrows of male David's whole life, announcing to public multi-layerly at that time a social true feature, outstanding earth's surface now money's corrosion to the marriage, family and the society of the formations of a series tragedy are what money causeses in the virtuous the mother who cheat to marry David is a her property;Loving the's eloping is through can not stand peculiarly come-on;The gram is a pain and sufferings, the despair of the sea isn't the bad result that the money results in mean mean person's hopings also in the money to lure a next move to tread the degenerative, coming to a shameful end of imprisonment for life the is setting out from the thought of humanitarianism, exposing the crime of money, uncovering the beautiful purdah of"Victoria peaceful times" thus, presenting to conceal afterward social true in the person up, David ·section wave the poured into the author's all strenuous efforts his orphan in spite of, ages suffer of various whet difficult and sad, be still he struggles unyieldingly after becoming adult, all expressing a small pota to look for the painful process of exit in the capitalism greatly bitter and big and difficult taste David of[with] the human life happiness and the warmth behind, what to depend is he sincerity, keep a rate of character, actively heading up of spirit, and to the heart of the person's clean and pure friendly is also the ideal female whom the author puts forth effort to current and outside beautiful looks, and then have endocentric virtue, since the fortitude and resilience doesn't pull out ground to protect to is subjected to the old father that the rare bullies, and then supports David of bitterness of suffering the end and David combine, is "thought and aim of consistent", this kind of perfect marriage makes the novelistic coda ocean overflow one parties happiness and hope of of them are more a the ideal incarnation of the propertied class humanitarianism and of this kind of thought more the is personal of career's ising friendly and bad is an always thinks being placed in is subjected to the common run of people of oppressing the position, its teachings the virtuous thoughts and feelings is by long odds in those ruler, exactly according to this kind of conviction, in the novel many common run of peoples if the fisherman opens up a fruit to lift, sea , though house poverty if wash, have never been subjected to an education, have one truly plain, docile of heart, with full of of the suggest blessing and it make for become fresh and clear contrast.
安妮宝贝88
Good and Evil Described by Dickens: An Analysis of Typical Characters in Oliver TwistAbstractCharles Dickens is the greatest representative of English critical realism in the nineteenth century. One of Dickens’ favorite novels Oliver Twist is known all over the world for the well-portrayed characters. In Oliver Twist, dozens of characters are well portrayed, including good and evil. This thesis analyzes some of the typical characters in the novel. First, the child hero of the novel, Oliver Twist, is good incarnation described by Dickens; Oliver possess many precious characteristics. Second, Fagin and Sikes’ evil exposes completely and arouses readers antipathy and wrath. Finally, the complex poor character, Nancy, has conflicts between her inner conscience and her devotion to Sikes. Ultimately, she risks her life to help Oliver, which commits one of the most noble acts of kindness in the story. So the conclusion draws that Dickens believes that most people were good at heart, but at times, their good impulses could be distorted by terrible Words: Charles Dickens; Oliver Twist; goodness; nature; evil; ferocity 摘 要查尔斯�6�1狄更斯是19世纪英国伟大的批判现实主义作家。《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯最喜欢的作品之一,也由于作者对小说人物的成功刻画而闻名遐迩。在《雾都孤儿》中,许多的人物被成功的塑造,包括善良的和邪恶的。这篇论文分析了小说中的一些典型人物。首先,是儿童主人公奥利佛尔�6�1特维斯特是狄更斯笔下善良的化身,他拥有许多难能可贵的性格特征。其次,费金和塞克斯罪恶形象的充分暴露引起了读者的反感和憎恶。最后,可怜而又性格复杂的南茜陷入良心的发现和对爱人忠诚的两难境地。最终,她冒着生命危险帮助奥利佛尔是小说中最崇高的善行之一。通过对《雾都孤儿》典型人物的分析,可以得出这样的结论:狄更斯相信大多数人的内心是善良的,但有时,一些人的善念也许会因糟糕的外界环境而扭曲。关键词:查尔斯�6�1狄更斯、奥利佛尔�6�1特维斯特、善良、本性、罪恶、凶残希望你满意!
笑笑之笑0
中文摘要西方文学史当中,维多利亚时期被视为是一个重要的分水岭。在此之前,人类习惯用宗教的角度去看待世界,但十八世纪中开始,工业革命在西方展开,各种机器的发明使得当时科学极具的发达,科学带来的影响逐渐改变当时的人民,人类开始采用科学的角度去思考这个世界。达尔文(Charles Darwin)的两部作品,包括物种原始(Origin of Species)及人类原始及类择(The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex),当中进化论和物种原始的概念造成维多利亚时期社会的一片震撼。本文主要使用达尔文的两大概念—天择及性择—探讨狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的小说—远大期望(Great Expectations)。第一章主要介绍达尔文的进化论及其理论产生背景,其中包含天择(Natural Selection)及性择(Sexual Selection),其中看出为求生存,生物会自行突变以适应环境的变化,第二章主要针对天择的概念探讨狄更斯之小说,透过物竞天择、均变论(Uniformitarianism)及巨变论(Catastrophism)的对照、达尔文对演化概念及唯物论(Materialism)的诠释、推论出外在环境对生物的影响。第三章则是针对性择的概念探讨书中女性与男性角色之互动,透过无性生殖(Parthenogenetic Reproduction)、母性本能(Maternal Instinct)及男性竞争天性(Male Competitive Tendency)的概念,探讨达尔文及狄更斯作品所中隐含之性别意识。英文摘要The Victorian period can be regarded as a watershed of the history of literature. Before the Victorian period, people tended to see the world from a religious point of view. Because of the improvement of science, Victorians began to change their attitudes and started to consider things from a scientific perspective. Charles Darwin, the author of The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, introduced evolutionary theory and created a heated dispute that has lasted, to some degree, even until today. This thesis applies Darwin’s two ideas— natural selection and sexual selection— to investigate into Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations. The introduction briefly discusses Darwin’s evolutionary theories and their application in Dickens’s Great Expectations. The first chapter investigates natural selection and sexual selection with more specifics. Simply put, for example, organic beings evolve in order to adapt to the environment. Male of all species try to seduce females in order to propagate. The second chapter deals with the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism, and how Darwin challenges the idea of “progress” and how natural selection applies to the notion of materialism. In addition, recalling Darwin’s observation that organic beings would change themselves due to the pressure of survival, readers of Dickens’s novels see how environmental changes bring effects upon characters. The third chapter concentrates on Darwin’s sexual selection, including the contrast between parthenogenetic reproduction and sexual selection, female supremacy in the animal world and male dominance in the human society, as well as female’s maternal instincts and male’s competitive tendencies. Finally, I conclude with the gendered ideology that both Darwin and Dickens reveal in their works. In conclusion, approaching Dickens’s novel from the perspective of Darwin’s evolutionary theories, we see how Victorian literature and science merged together.我只知道这些! 不能抄我回答!
金吉小酉子
Oliver Twist一、英国作家狄更斯的名著。关于狄更斯和他的小说艺术,心里早有一些想法,趁写这篇前言之便,说出来,就正于广大狄更斯爱好者。狄更斯生于英国朴茨茂斯的一个贫苦家庭,父亲是个海军小职员,10岁时全家被迁入债务入监狱,11岁起就开始承担繁重的家务,12岁时被迫辍学到鞋油作坊当学徒,饱受侮辱,从而对工人阶级的生活和苦难有所了解,尤其对不幸的儿童产生了深厚的同情。16岁时,他在律师事务所当缮写员,走遍伦敦大街小巷,广泛了解社,后又担任法庭速记员和新闻记者,熟悉了议会政治中的种种弊端。当时他为伦敦几家报纸拟稿。狄更斯发表1836年底的第一部长篇小说、讽刺资产阶级民主虚伪性的〈匹克威克外传〉就取得了惊人的成就,使他一举成名。此后34年中,他共写了十几部长篇小说。24岁时和凯瑟琳女士结婚,由于性格和趣味上的差异,给他的创作,特别是晚年生活带来不幸。他一生除了刻苦写作外还喜欢戏剧,曾亲自参加演出和导演,举办过朗诵会。1870年6月他在写作小说〈艾德温。德鲁德之谜〉时,由于劳累过度,谇然逝世。葬于伦敦斯敏斯特教堂。狄更斯在小说中无情地揭露和鞭挞了资本主义社会的黑暗和虚伪。1838年和1839年,他发表了〈雾都孤儿〉和〈尼古拉斯。尼可贝〉,描写了资本主义社会穷苦儿童的悲惨生活,揭露了贫民救济所和学校教育的黑暗。狄更斯是英国最伟大的小说家之一,英国现实主义文学的杰出代表,对世界文学有巨大的影响。《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第二部长篇小说。这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉•荷加斯(William Hogarth,1697一1764)的榜样,勇敢地直面人生,真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。他抱着一个崇高的道德意图:抗议社会的不公,并唤起社会舆论,推行改革,使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助。正因为如此,狄更斯历来被我国及前苏联学者界定为“英国文学上批判现实主义的创始人和最伟大的代表”。对此,我有一些不同的见解:文学艺术是一种特殊的社会意识形态,它必然是社会存在的反映。但是,我们决不能把反映现实的文学都说成是现实主义文学,把“现实主义”的外延无限扩展。事实上,作家运用的创作方法多种多样,因人而异,这和作家的特殊气质和性格特点密切相关。狄更斯的创作,想象力极为丰富,充满诗的激情,他着意渲染自己的道德理想,处处突破自然的忠实临摹,借用一句歌德的话:它比自然高了一层。这和萨克雷、特洛罗普等坚持的客观。冷静、严格写实的方法有显著的区别。试以《雾都孤儿》为例,(一)个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段。书中的流氓、盗贼、妓女的语言都切合其身份,甚至还用了行业的黑话。然而,狄更斯决不作自然主义的再现,而是进行加工、提炼和选择,避免使用污秽、下流的话语。主人公奥立弗语言规范、谈吐文雅,他甚至不知偷窃为何物。他是在济贫院长大的孤儿,从未受到良好的教育,所接触的都是罪恶累累、堕落不堪之辈,他怎么会讲这么好的英文呢?这用“人是一切社会关系总和”的历史唯物主义观点是无法解释的。可见,狄更斯着力表现的是自己的道德理想,而不是追求完全的逼真。(二)在优秀的现实主义小说中,故事情节往往是在环境作用下的人物性格发展史,即高尔基所说的“某种性格、典型的成长和构成的历史”。然而,狄更斯不拘任何格套,想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合。奥立弗第一次跟小偷上街,被掏兜的第一人恰巧就是他亡父的好友布朗罗。第二次,他在匪徒赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃,被偷的恰好是他亲姨妈露丝•梅莱家。这在情理上无论如何是说不过去的。但狄更斯自有天大的本领,在具体的细节描写中充满生活气息和激情,使你读时紧张得喘不过气来,对这种本来是牵强的、不自然的情节也不得不信以为真。这就是狄更斯的艺术世界的魅力。(三)狄更斯写作时,始终有一种“感同身受的想象力”(Sympathetic imagination),即使对十恶不赦的人物也一样。书中贼首、老犹太费金受审的一场始终从费金的心理视角出发。他从天花板看到地板,只见重重叠叠的眼睛都在注视着自己。他听到对他罪行的陈述报告,他把恳求的目光转向律师,希望能为他辩护几句。人群中有人在吃东西,有人用手绢扇风,还有一名青年画家在画他的素描,他心想:不知道像不像,真想伸过脖子去看一看……一位绅士出去又进来,他想:准是吃饭去了,不知吃的什么饭?看到铁栏杆上有尖刺,他琢磨着:这很容易折断。从此又想到绞刑架,这时,他听到自己被处绞刑。他只是喃喃地说,自己岁数大了,大了,接着就什么声音也发不出来了。在这里,狄更斯精心选择了一系列细节,不但描绘了客观事物,而且切入了人物的内心世界,表现了他极其丰富的想象力。他运用的艺术方法,不是“批判现实主义”所能概括的。我倒是赞赏英国作家、狄更斯专家乔治•吉辛(George Giss-ing,1857—1903)的表述,他把狄更斯的创作方法称为“浪漫的现实主义”(romantic realism)。我认为这一表述才够准确,才符合狄更斯小说艺术的实际。小说的主人公奥利弗。特威斯特,是一名生在济贫院的孤儿,忍饥挨饿,备受欺凌,由于不堪棺材店老板娘、教区执事邦布儿等人的虐待而独自逃往伦敦,不幸刚一到达就误入贼窟。窃贼团伙的首领费金千方百计,企图把奥利弗训练为扒手供他驱使。奥利弗跟随窃贼伙伴“机灵鬼”和贝茨上街时,被误认为他偷了一位叫布朗洛的绅士(恰巧是他父亲生前的好友)的手绢而被警察逮捕。后因书摊老板证明了他的无辜,说明小偷另有其人,他才被释放。由于他当时病重昏迷,且容貌酷似友人生前留下的一副少妇画像,布朗洛收留他在家中治病,得到布朗洛及其女管家比德温太太无微不至的关怀,第一次感受到人间的温暖。窃贼团伙害怕奥利弗会泄露团伙的秘密,在费金指示下,塞克斯和南希费尽心机,趁奥利弗外出替布朗洛归还书摊老板的图书的时候用计使他重新陷入了贼窟。但当费金试图惩罚毒打奥利弗的上时候,南希挺身而出保护了奥利弗。费金用威胁、利诱、灌输等手段企图迫使奥利弗成为一名窃贼,成为费金的摇钱树。一天黑夜,奥利弗在塞克斯的胁迫下参加对一座大宅院的行窃。正当奥利弗准备趁爬进窗户的机会向主人报告时,被管家发现后开枪打伤。窃贼仓惶逃跑时,把奥利弗丢弃在路旁水沟之中。奥利弗在雨雪之中带伤爬行,无意中又回道那家宅院,昏到在门口。好心的主人梅丽夫人及其养女罗斯小姐收留并庇护了他。无巧不成书,这位罗斯小姐正是奥利弗的姨妈,但双方都不知道。在梅丽夫人家,奥利弗真正享受到了人生的温馨和美好。但费金团伙却不能放过奥利弗。有一天一个名叫蒙克斯的人来找费金,这人是奥利弗的同父异母兄长,由于他的不肖,他父亲在遗嘱中将全部遗产给了奥利弗,除非奥利弗和蒙克斯是一样的不肖儿女,遗产才可由蒙克斯继承。为此蒙克斯出高价买通费金,要他使奥利弗变成不可救药的罪犯,以便霸占奥利弗名下的全部遗产,并发泄自己对已去世的父亲的怨恨。正当蒙克斯得意洋洋的谈到他如何和帮布尔夫妇狼狈为奸,毁灭了能证明奥利弗身份的唯一证据的时候,被南希听见。南西见义勇为,同情奥利弗的遭遇,冒生命危险,偷偷找到罗斯小姐,向她报告了这一切。正当罗斯小姐考虑如何行动时,奥利弗告诉她,他找到了布朗洛先生。罗斯小姐就和布朗洛商议了处理方法。罗斯小姐在布朗洛陪同下再次和南西会面时,布朗洛获知蒙克斯即他的已故好友埃得温。利弗得的不肖儿子,决定亲自找蒙克斯交涉,但他们的谈话被费金派出的密探听见。塞克斯就凶残的杀害了南西。南西之死使费金团伙遭到了灭顶之灾。费金被捕,后上了绞刑架,塞克斯在逃窜中失足被自己的绳子勒死。与此同时,蒙克斯被布朗洛挟持到家中,逼他供出了一切,事情真相大白,奥利弗被布朗洛收为养子,从此结束了他的苦难的童年。为了给蒙克斯自新的机会,把本应全归奥利弗继承的遗产分一半给他。但蒙克斯劣性不改,把家产挥霍殆尽,继续作恶,终被锒铛入狱,死在狱中。邦布尔夫恶有恶报,被革去一切职务,一贫如洗,在他们曾经作威作福的济贫院度过余生。在这本书中,奥利弗、南希、罗斯小姐都是善良的代表,他们都出生于苦难之中,在黑暗和充满罪恶的世界中成长,但在他们的心中始终保持着一偏纯洁的天地,一颗善良的心,种种磨难并不能使他们堕落或彻底堕落,发而更显示出他们出污泥而不染的光彩夺目的晶莹品质。最后,邪不胜正,正义的力量战胜了邪恶,虽然南希最后遇难,但正是她的死所召唤出来的惊天动地的社会正义力量,正是她在冥冥中的在天之灵,注定了邪恶势力的代表——费金团伙的灭顶之灾。因此在小说中,南希的精神得到了升华,奥利弗则得到了典型意义上的善报。而恶人的代表——费金、蒙克斯、邦布尔、塞克斯无不一一落得个悲惨的下场。
法厄同驾太阳车的故事 : 日神的儿子法厄同纠缠他的父亲,要求驾着日神的飞马在空中驰聘一天。慈爱的父亲谆谆告诫他的儿子:你的要求太过份了,你的力气和年纪都办不到,
俄狄浦斯悲剧的特征与根源悲剧向来被认为是最高的文学形式,古希腊三大悲剧家之一索福克勒斯的《俄狄浦斯王》是悲剧的典范,它充分代表了古希腊悲剧的不朽魅力,给读者留下
作者.刊名[J].年卷期:页码.例如: 廖庆华.形位公差新旧国家标准的区别[J].机械工业标准化与质量, 1998,(08):5-7.另外多个作者中间可用
你要的是这个吗?外国文学论文论题1.重读《美狄亚》2.重释列那狐形象3.重评希斯克厉夫(《呼啸山庄》)4.对《日瓦戈医生》的再认识5.解读凯尔泰斯·伊姆雷的《无
土家族属汉藏语系藏缅语族,接近彝语支,没有本民族文字,通用汉文。土家族主要分布在湘、鄂、渝、黔交界地带的武陵山区。湖南省的土家族主要分布在湘西土家族苗族自治州的